Smart energy network configuration using link key database

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments include a method and system for configuring a smart energy network using a link key database. An energy services interface, on the smart energy network, extracts a unique identifier associated with a smart energy device from a communication with the smart energy device. The energy services interface may then use the unique identifier to receive information associated with the smart energy device from the link key database.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims the benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/792,814,filed on Jun. 3, 2010, to be issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,341,186, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document pertains generally to utility monitoring devices, and moreparticularly, but not by way of limitation, to smart energy networkconfiguration using a link key database.

BACKGROUND

Smart energy (“SE”) devices and networks have been deployed in homes andbusinesses as utilities and consumers attempt to better understand andcontrol energy use. SE networks are typically a collection ofmonitoring, control, and reporting devices located, for example, in ahome. Typical SE devices include, for example, thermostats and water,gas, and electric meters. The SE devices generally implement one or morecommunications protocols to communicate with each other and ultimatelythe utility or consumer.

In order to safeguard utilities from incidental or maliciousinterference from SE networks, SE networks and SE devices are securedusing various methods. One such method is to encrypt communicationsbetween the SE devices on a SE network. Typically, SE devices arepreconfigured, by the manufacturer, with a symmetric cipher key, calleda link key, to encrypt the SE device's communications until another keyused by the SE network, often called a NetKey, can be given to the SEdevice after it joins the SE network.

A smart energy device joins the smart energy network through an energyservices interface (“ESI”), which may also be known as an energyservices portal (“ESP”), the ESI also communicating with a utilities'automated metering infrastructure (“AMI”) network. In order for the ESIto join a SE device to the SE network, the ESI needs to be configured toidentify the SE device and, at least, with the SE device's link key.Typically this process is done by a human installer of the SE device.The installer may determine the SE device's information from the productpackaging. The installer may then connect to the AMI network and inputthe SE device information for the given SE network which is typicallyidentified by an ESI for the SE network. Typically, the AMI network maythen push the SE device information down to the ESI. Then the installeractivates the SE device which then begins the joining process. Fordrivers specific to the SE device, the installer may also need to loadthese to the ESI in a manner similar to configuring the link key. Thiscumbersome process is then repeated for each SE device added to the SEnetwork.

OVERVIEW

In systems having an ESI coupled to a SE device and a link key database,it can be advantageous for the ESI to use the link key database toobtain the SE device information with minimal intervention by the humaninstaller. By extracting a unique identifier for the SE device from a SEdevice communication, the ESI may then lookup the SE device's link key,or other SE device information, from the link key database and thus easethe burden on the human installer of the SE device. This documentprovides numerous examples in the detailed description, an overview ofwhich is provided here.

This overview is intended to provide an overview of subject matter ofthe present patent application. It is not intended to provide anexclusive or exhaustive explanation of the invention. The detaileddescription is included to provide further information about the presentpatent application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. Like numerals havingdifferent letter suffixes may represent different instances of similarcomponents. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, butnot by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the presentdocument.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example system to configure a smart energy networkusing a link key database.

FIG. 2 a illustrates a block diagram of link key database contents for agiven smart energy device.

FIG. 2 b illustrates a block diagram of network storage contents for anenergy services portal.

FIG. 3 illustrates a swim-lane flowchart for an example method toconfigure a smart energy network using a link key database.

FIG. 4 illustrates a swim-lane flowchart for an example method toconfigure a smart energy network using a link key database to loadinformation about a smart energy device onto an energy services portal.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart for an example method of configuring anenergy services portal on the network to allow the energy servicesportal to couple to the link key database.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to join and utilize smart energy (“SE”) devices attached to aSE network, an energy services interface (“ESI”) may require informationabout the SE device. Alternatively, if an energy services portal (“ESP”)is used instead of, or in addition to, an ESI, the ESP may also requirethe SE device information. However, for the purposes described herein,an ESP is equivalent to an ESI and so only ESIs will be discussed eventhough the material is equally applicable to ESPs. [0001]

It can be advantageous to store the SE device information in a link keydatabase and associate the information with a unique identifier for theSE device. Additionally, permitting the ESI to extract the uniqueidentifier from a communication with the SE device, whether or not thecommunication is encrypted, may allow the ESI to automatically identifyand retrieve the SE device information from the link key database. Oncethe information is had, which may, for example, include a link key,driver, or other information for the SE device, the ESI may be able todecrypt SE device communications and join the SE device to the SEnetwork, or support extended features of the SE device through a driverwhich may also be known as manufacturer specific profile (“MSP”)extensions. In some examples the link key database may be pre-populatedwith information from the SE device manufacturer and the humaninstaller's participation is limited to physically installing the SEdevice and activating it, obviating the need for the previouslycumbersome process of manually inputting information for each SE deviceadded to the SE network.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example system 100 that configures a smart energy(“SE”) network using a link key database. An energy services interface(“ESI”) 105 is coupled to a SE device 110, to a link key database 115through network 120, and to an automated monitoring infrastructure(“AMI”) network 125. In one embodiment, network 120 and AMI network 125may include some of the same network infrastructure. An SE network 145may be comprised of the ESI 105, SE device 110 and possibly more SEdevices or SE network components, such as SE device 110 a and SE device110 b.

The SE device 110 may have a link key configured by its manufacturer.Upon activation by a human installer, the SE device 110 may attempt tojoin the SE network 145 through the ESI 105 using its link key toencrypt the communication. In various embodiments the SE device 110 maybe connected to other SE devices and one or more ESIs 105 by, forexample, a wireless or wired network. The SE network 145 may be atraditional hub and spoke network or a mesh network. In variousembodiments a portion of the encrypted communication may be unencrypted,such as the packet or frame headers at various levels in thecommunication stack. In various embodiments the unencrypted portion ofthe communication may contain a unique identifier for the SE device 110,such as, for example, a media access control (“MAC”) address for the SEdevice 110. In various embodiments the SE device 110 may be one amongmany SE devices on the SE network 145. In various embodiments the SEdevice 110 may be, for example, a thermostat or a gas, water, or anelectric meter. It will be understood that the SE device 110 may be anynumber of device types used to support the monitoring and control ofresource utilization by a SE network 145.

The ESI 105 may mediate between the SE network 145 and externalentities, such as the AMI network 125 for a utility. In variousembodiments the ESI 105 may connect to the AMI network 125 throughvarious mechanisms including, but not limited to, wired and wirelessconnections using proprietary communications protocols for a utility, orthrough other communications protocols such as, for example, variouscellular network protocols.

The ESI 105 may receive a communication from the SE device 110 to jointhe SE network 145. The ESI 105 may be configured to extract the uniqueidentifier for the SE device 110 from the communication. When thecommunication is encrypted, the ESI 105 may be able to extract theunique identifier from an unencrypted portion of the communication. TheESI 105 may then communicate the unique identifier to the link keydatabase 115. In various embodiments the ESI 105 couples with the linkkey database 115 through network 120. In various embodiments the ESI 105may connect to network 120 or the link key database 115 through a wiredor wireless network.

In various embodiments the ESI 105 may be a stand-alone device. In otherembodiments the ESI 105 may be integrated into a SE device 110, such asa meter. In still other embodiments, the ESI 105 may be integrated withanother device on the SE network 145, such as, for example, a networkgateway.

The link key database 115 may be pre-configured with information aboutthe SE device 110. In various embodiments the SE device 110 informationis mapped to the unique identifier for the SE device 110. In variousembodiments the SE device 110 information may be added to the link keydatabase 115 at any time. The link key database 115 may be any type ofdatabase capable of storing an association between the unique identifierand link key or other information for a SE device 110, including, forexample, a relational database management system (“RDBMS”), ahierarchical database system, or a file system.

Network 120 may include storage 135 to store the association. In variousembodiments the storage 135 may be any type of storage capable ofstoring an association between a unique identifier and street addressfor the ESI 105, including, for example, a RDBMS, a hierarchicaldatabase system, or a file system. In some embodiments the storage 135may be the link key database 115. Associating the unique identifier withthe street address may facilitate the ESI's 105 connection to the linkkey database 115 through network 120. In various embodiments the uniqueidentifier for the ESI 105 may be a MAC address of the ESI 105. Invarious embodiments the ESI's 105 unique identifier may be extractedfrom an ESI 105 communication to the network 120.

System 100 may optionally include a handheld mobile terminal 130, suchas a smart phone, that may connect to network 120 and associate a uniqueidentifier for the ESI 105 with a street address for the SE network 145.In various embodiments the handheld mobile terminal 130 may communicatea user interface which accepts both the street address and the uniqueidentifier from an operator, such as, for example, the human installerof the SE network 145. In other embodiments either, or both, the streetaddress or the unique identifier may be determined automatically, suchas, for example, using the global positioning system (“GPS”) inconjunction with map software to automatically determine the streetaddress of the ESI 105. In various embodiments the handheld mobileterminal 130 may connect to network 120 through wired or wirelessnetworks, such as, for example, a cellular network or the internet.

FIG. 2 a illustrates a block diagram of the link key database 115contents for a given smart energy device. The diagram logicallyillustrates the collection of SE device information 205 stored by thelink key database 115 for a given SE device 110 and is not necessarilyrepresentative of the actual format used to store the information. Forexample, if the link key data base 115 is a RDBMS, one table may storethe unique identifier 210 and link key 215 while one or more othertables store other device information 220, such as a driver 225 for theSE device 110.

SE device information 205 may include the unique identifier 210 and thelink key 215 for a SE device 110, i.e., the link key 215 may be mappedto the unique identifier 210. In other embodiments, the SE deviceinformation 205 may include additional device information 220 mapped tothe unique identifier 210. In some embodiments the additional deviceinformation 220 may include a driver 225 for the SE device 110, wherethe driver 225 may be known as manufacturer specific profile (“MSP”)extensions for the SE device 110.

FIG. 2 b illustrates a block diagram of the network storage 135 contentsfor an energy services portal. The diagram logically illustrates theassociation of ESI information 230 stored by network storage 135 for agiven ESI 105 and is not necessarily representative of the actual formatused to store the information. For example, if network storage 135 isimplemented as a file system, a directory may be named the same as theunique identifier 235 and the directory's contents may include thestreet address 240. In various embodiments additional information aboutthe ESI 105 may be kept in network storage 135. In various embodimentsthe network storage 135 may be the link key database 115 or storedwithin the link key database 115.

FIG. 3 illustrates a swim-lane flowchart for an example method 300 toconfigure a smart energy network using a link key database. Variouscomponents from system 100, shown in FIG. 1, may be used to implementthe method 300 and components from system 100 are used here forillustrative purposes.

At 305 a SE device 110 attempts to join a SE network 145. In variousembodiments the SE device 110 may broadcast a beacon, or employ anothermethod of the underlying network infrastructure supporting the SEdevice's 110 connectivity to the SE network 145. In various embodimentsthe communication may be encrypted using the SE device's 110 link key215. In various embodiments the encrypted communication is partiallyunencrypted, such as, for example, the packet headers of one or moreunderlying network protocols. In various embodiments the unencryptedportion of the communication contains a unique identifier 210 for the SEdevice 110, such as, for example, a MAC address for the SE device 110.

At 310 the ESI 105, having received the communication from the SE device110 to join the SE network 145, extracts the SE Device's 110 uniqueidentifier 210 from an unencrypted portion of the communication.

At 315 the ESI 105 may request the link key 215 for the SE device 110from the link key database 115 using the unique identifier 210. Invarious embodiments the ESI 105 may query the link key database 115using, for example, structure query language (“SQL”) statements, or mayuse other interfaces, such as a web services interface, to interact withthe link key database 115.

At 320 the link key database 115 retrieves the link key 215 that maps tothe unique identifier 210. The link key database 115 may then return thelink key 215 to the ESI 105.

At 325 the ESI 105 receives the link key 215. The ESI 105 may then storethe unique identifier 210 and the link key 215 in order to facilitatefuture communications with the SE device 110.

At 330 the ESI 105, in some embodiments, may use the link key 215 todecrypt the SE device 110 communication to join the SE network 145. Invarious embodiments the ESI 105 may provide the SE device 110 with aNetKey to encrypt future communications.

At 335 the SE device 110 completes the SE network 145 joining process.In various embodiments the SE device 110 exchanges certificates with theESI 105 to complete the joining process.

Method 300 may be repeated for each SE device 110 attached to the SEnetwork 145 at any time. For example, if a home had four SE devicesinstalled initially, a thermostat, a water meter, a gas meter, and anelectricity meter, each SE device, once activated, may be joined to theSE network 145 by the ESI 105 without further intervention by the humaninstaller. Additionally, if, for example, the thermostat was notinstalled initially, it may be added at a later date and join the SEnetwork 145 in the same manner described above without additional workby the human installer.

FIG. 4 illustrates a swim-lane flowchart for an example method 400 toconfigure a smart energy network using a link key database to loadinformation about the smart energy device onto the energy servicesportal. Various components from system 100, shown in FIG. 1, may be usedto implement the method 400 and components from system 100 are used herefor illustrative purposes.

At 405 the SE device 110 may communicate with an ESI 105. In someembodiments the communication may be part of the SE device's 110 attemptto join a SE network 145. In other embodiments, the communication may besubsequent to the joining of the SE device 110 to the SE network 145. Invarious embodiments the communication may be encrypted. In otherembodiments the communication may be unencrypted.

At 410 the ESI 105 may extract a unique identifier 210 for the SE device110 from the communication. In various embodiments the ESI 105 may beable to extract the unique identifier 210 from an unencrypted portion ofan encrypted communication that the ESI 105 can't decrypt. In otherembodiments, the ESI 105 may extract the unique identifier 210 from anyportion of the communication if the communication is unencrypted or theESI 105 can decrypt the communication.

At 415 the ESI 105 may request SE device information 205 for the SEdevice 110. In various embodiments the SE device information 205 mayinclude the link key 215 for the SE device 110. In various embodimentsthe SE device information 205 may include device information 220 inaddition to the link key 215. In various embodiments the deviceinformation 220 may include a driver, or MSP, of the SE device 110. Invarious embodiments the ESI 105 may request only a portion of the SEdevice information 205.

At 420 the link key database 115 may retrieve all, or a portion of, theSE device information 205 that maps to the SE device's 110 uniqueidentifier 210 and return it to the ESI 105.

At 425 the ESI 105 may receive and load the SE device information 205returned by the link key database 115. In various embodiments the ESI105 may load and use the SE device information 205. For example, if thereturned SE device information 205 is a driver for the SE device 110,the ESI 105 may load the driver and use it to utilize MSP extensions ofthe SE device 110 to achieve greater functionality than may be possiblewith a standard SE device of a given type.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart for an example method 500 of configuringan ESI on the network to allow the ESI to couple to a link key database.Various components from system 100, shown in FIG. 1, may be used toimplement the method 500 and components from system 100 are used herefor illustrative purposes.

At 505 the street address 240 of the SE network 145 may be associatedwith a unique identifier 235 for the ESI 105 in network 120. In variousembodiments the association may be stored in network storage 135 withinnetwork 120. In other embodiments the association may be stored in thelink key database 115. In various embodiments the unique identifier 235may be any information by which to differentiate the ESI 105 fromanother ESI that is part of an ESI 105 communication, such as, forexample, the ESI's 105 MAC address.

At 510 network 120 may couple the ESI 105 to the link key database 115after the association of 505 is complete. In various embodiments network120 may extract the unique identifier 235 from an ESI 105 communicationand ascertain the street address 240 of the SE network 145 by queryingthe network storage 135. In various embodiments network 120 may extractthe unique identifier from an unencrypted portion of the ESI's 105communication if the communication is encrypted.

At 515 a mobile handheld terminal 130 may be used to connect to network120 and associate the street address 240 with the unique identifier 235for the ESI 105. For example, a human installer of the SE network 145—ormore specifically, the ESI 105—may utilize the handheld mobile terminal130 during the installation and setup.

At 520 the handheld mobile terminal 130 may receive the uniqueidentifier 235 of the ESI 105. In various embodiments the handheldmobile terminal 130 may communicate a user interface to an operator toaccept the unique identifier 235. In various embodiments the handheldmobile terminal 130 may assist the operator in entering the uniqueidentifier 235. For example, if the handheld mobile terminal 130 is asmart phone with a camera and the unique identifier 235 is visible onthe ESI 150 packaging, the operator may take a picture of the uniqueidentifier 235 in order to enter it into the user interface.

At 525 the handheld mobile terminal 130 may receive the street address240 of the ESI 105. In various embodiments the handheld mobile terminal130 may communicate a user interface to the operator to accept thestreet address 240. In other embodiments the handheld mobile terminal130 may attempt to automatically ascertain the street address 240. Forexample, the handheld mobile terminal 130 may use GPS, possibly inconnection with mapping software, to automatically determine the streetaddress 240 when the operator is physically present at the SE network145 site. In various embodiments the handheld mobile terminal 130 mayassist the operator in entering the street address 240 using an attemptto automatically ascertain the street address 240. For example, thecommunicated user interface may provide a list of street addresses thatthe operator may choose from.

At 530, after the unique identifier 235 and street address 240 have beenreceived by the handheld mobile terminal 130, the handheld mobileterminal 130 may store the association of the unique identifier 235 andthe street address 240 for the ESI 105 in network 120. In variousembodiments the handheld mobile terminal 130 may connect to network 120and store the association in network storage 135.

The burden on those installing SE networks may be reduced by using anESI that can connect to the link key database and determineconfiguration parameters, such as SE device link keys and drivers, forthe SE network. The installer is relieved from manual entry of probablylong and cryptic information for each SE device attached to the SEnetwork. Additionally, using the handheld mobile terminal may ease theinstaller's burden further by bringing greater functionality,portability, and ease in configuring the ESI to utilize the link keydatabase.

Additional Notes

The above detailed description includes references to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawingsshow, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which theinvention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred toherein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition tothose shown or described. However, the present inventors alsocontemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described areprovided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examplesusing any combination or permutation of those elements shown ordescribed (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to aparticular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect toother examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or describedherein.

All publications, patents, and patent documents referred to in thisdocument are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, asthough individually incorporated by reference. In the event ofinconsistent usages between this document and those documents soincorporated by reference, the usage in the incorporated reference(s)should be considered supplementary to that of this document; forirreconcilable inconsistencies, the usage in this document controls.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patentdocuments, to include one or more than one, independent of any otherinstances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In thisdocument, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that“A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unlessotherwise indicated. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and“in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respectiveterms “comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, theterms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system,device, article, or process that includes elements in addition to thoselisted after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within thescope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms“first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and arenot intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

Method examples described herein can be machine or computer-implementedat least in part. Some examples can include a tangible computer-readablemedium or tangible machine-readable medium encoded with instructionsoperable to configure an electronic device to perform methods asdescribed in the above examples. An implementation of such methods caninclude code, such as microcode, assembly language code, a higher-levellanguage code, or the like. Such code can include computer readableinstructions for performing various methods. The code may form portionsof computer program products. Further, the code may be tangibly storedon one or more volatile or non-volatile computer-readable media duringexecution or at other times. These computer-readable media may include,but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removableoptical disks (e.g., compact disks and digital video disks), magneticcassettes, memory cards or sticks, random access memories (RAMs), readonly memories (ROMs), and the like.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and notrestrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or moreaspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Otherembodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the artupon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to complywith 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain thenature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with theunderstanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scopeor meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description,various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure.This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosedfeature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter maylie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment.Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the DetailedDescription, with each claim standing on its own as a separateembodiment. The scope of the invention should be determined withreference to the appended claims, along with the full scope ofequivalents to which such claims are entitled.

What is claimed is:
 1. An energy services interface (ESI) capable ofcommunicating with a SE device and a link key database, the ESIconfigured to: extract a key value from an unencrypted portion of anencrypted communication from the SE device to join a SE network;retrieve a link key associated with the SE device from the link keydatabase using the key value, wherein the link key is used to bothencrypt and decrypt the encrypted SE device communication; extract aunique identifier from a communication with the SE device; and load aportion of information associated with the SE device from the link keydatabase using the unique identifier.
 2. The ESI of claim 1, wherein theportion of information is a driver for the SE device.
 3. The ESI ofclaim 1, wherein the unique identifier is a media access control (MAC)address of the SE device.
 4. The ESI of claim 1, wherein the key valueis a media access control (MAC) address of the SE device.
 5. The ESI ofclaim 1, wherein the ESI is configured to: decrypt the encrypted SEdevice communication using the link key; and join the SE device to theSE network.
 6. In a system having an energy services interface (ESI)capable of communicating with a smart energy (SE) device and a link keydatabase, a computer-implemented method of configuring the ESI, themethod comprising: extracting, using the ESI, a key value associatedwith the SE device from an unencrypted portion of an encryptedcommunication from the SE device; retrieving a link key associated withthe SE device from the link key database using the key value, whereinthe link key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the encryptedcommunication; receiving, at the ESI, a communication from the SEdevice; extracting, using the ESI, a unique identifier associated withthe SE device from the communication; and loading a portion ofinformation associated with the SE device to the ESI from the link keydatabase using the unique identifier.
 7. The method of claim 6, whereinthe portion of the information is a driver for the SE device.
 8. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the unique identifier is a media accesscontrol (MAC) address of the SE device.
 9. The method of claim 6,wherein the key value is a media access control (MAC) address of the SEdevice.
 10. The method of claim 6, further including: decrypting theencrypted communication with the link key; and joining the SE device tothe SE network.
 11. In a system having an energy services interface(ESI) capable of communicating with a smart energy (SE) device and alink key database, a computer-implemented method of provisioning the SEdevice, the method comprising: transmitting an encrypted joincommunication from the SE device to the ESI, wherein the encrypted joincommunication includes information needed to join the SE device to an SEnetwork; extracting, using the ESI, a key value associated with the SEdevice from an unencrypted portion of the encrypted join communication;retrieving a link key associated with the SE device from the link keydatabase using the key value; joining the SE device to the SE networkusing the ESI, wherein joining includes transferring information betweenthe SE device and the ESI, wherein the information is encrypted usingthe link key; extracting, using the ESI, a unique identifier from acommunication with the SE device; and loading, by the ESI, a portion ofinformation associated with the SE device from the link key databaseusing the unique identifier.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein theunique identifier is a media access control (MAC) address of the ESI.